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Mother of Pearl
Mussel Filtering Rhine-Amstel Fieldrecording Nacre Contamination Pollution Care
Artwork

Mother of Pearl

Empty freshwater mussels found on the banks of the Amstel River are given care after violence.

Commisioned by Zone2Source & MU Hybrid Arthouse

Empty mussels, encased in glass, seem to be floating in a dark space. A little light illuminates their pearlescent skin, drawing attention to tiny acts of violence: starting pearls. Pearls are the result of the self-defense tactic of the mussel: when they are penetrated by an unknown substance, they encapsulate the intruder in a bio-geo layer that is mother-of-pearl. They keep doing this until they die, incorporating the polluter into the shell.

Throughout history, pearls have sparked legends and stories of beauty, mysticism, war, and value. Riverine pearls have always been a major coveted item; it is even said the Romans conquered Britain for pearls. 1 They were a source of extensive pearl harvesting along river banks, particularly in Scandinavia 2, Germany 3 and British Isles, particularly Scotland 4.  The most famous local pearl-producing mussel has long gone extinct in the Netherlands, though it remains a red-listed species in neighbouring countries 5

1 “The Lives of the Twelve Caesars, by C. Suetonius Tranquillus;,” n.d. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/6400/6400-h/6400-h.htm#linknote-72.
2 Asplund, Jan. “A Brief History of Pearls and Pearl Production in Scandinavia. Part I: From Vikings to the Renaissance,” n.d.
3 Theodor Von Hessling, Die Perlmuscheln Und Ihre Perlen. Naturwissenschaftlich Und Geschichtlich Mit Berücksichtigung Der Perlengewässer Bayerns, W. Engelmann eBooks, 1859, https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.47047.
4 Young, Mark, and Jennifer Williams. “The Status and Conservation of the Freshwater Pearl Mussel Margaritifera Margaritifera Linn. In Great Britain.” Biological Conservation 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1983): 35–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(83)90029-0.
5 Iucn, “Margaritifera Margaritifera: Moorkens, E., Cordeiro, J., Seddon, M.B., Von Proschwitz, T. &Amp; Woolnough, D.,” Data set, IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, February 2, 2010, https://doi.org/10.2305/iucn.uk.2017-3.rlts.t12799a508865.en.

⭡ The Scottish “Abernethy Pearl” was discovered in the River Tay in 1967, and sold for nearly £94,000 at auction recently. 6 Photography by Lyon & Turnbull / Stewart Attwood

⭡ The Ashburnham manuscript of the Four Gospels, now owned by J. Pierpont Morgan, Esq. 7, for many centuries belonged to the Abbey of the Noble Canonesses, founded, in 834, at Lindau, on Lake Constance. The rich cover of the manuscript was probably made between 896 and 899 by order of Emperor Arnulf of the Carolingian dynasty. Most of the ninety-eight pearls appear to be from fresh water, and probably all of them were obtained from the rivers of Europe. 8

Mussels are vital to a riverine ecosystem, being able to filter water at an astonishing rate. At the same time, this makes them extremely vulnerable as every substance in the water passes through their bodies. With their long lifespan, their decline is not immediately noticeable. Yet when elders die off without a new generation to follow them up, the riverine ecosystem topples like a house of cards.9

 

6 BBC News. “Abernethy Pearl Sold for Nearly £94,000 at Auction,” August 21, 2024. https://www.bbc.com/news/articles/c2071nzyz5jo.
7 “Lindau Gospels (MS M.1). | MS M.1 | Medieval and Renaissance Manuscripts | the Morgan Library & Museum,” n.d. https://www.themorgan.org/manuscript/76874.
8 “The Book of the Pearl
the History, Art, Science, and Industry of the Queen of Gems,” November 25, 2025. https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/63299/pg63299-images.html.
9 Verma AK, Rahman A, Hussain S, Singh NS. Freshwater Mussels as Multifaceted Ecosystem Engineers: Insights into Their Ecological Importance, Bioindication, and Economic Contributions. Water. 2025; 17(11):1629. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17111629

⭡The light is directed at the pearls. Their labor reflected in my labor, their caring response answered with my own.
Photo by Thomas Lenden
⭢ Mother of Pearl at Schemerlicht Festival 2024. Photo by Rolf Hensel

Mother of Pearl at Schemerlicht Festival 2024. Photo by Rolf Hensel

In Mother Of Pearl, empty freshwater mussels found on the banks of the Amstel River are given care after violence. Their fragile shells are meticulously reproduced in glass to craft them an impenetrable barrier, a final safe space. A little light illuminates their pearlescent skin, drawing attention to their starting pearls. The artistic process is a study of their being, an act of witnessing, a testament to their past suffering. As an installation, the shells are the ghosts of their extinct ancestors and their living siblings still enduring a battle underwater.  What lies at the heart of every starting pearl? How hard must the mussels work to survive? And what happens when their metabolism is too disturbed to clean water?

 

⭡ Eight natural freshwater pearls from Europe: Russia, Scotland, and Germany, analysed by The Carlsbad Laboratory. 10
10 “Natural Freshwater Pearls From Europe: Russia, Scotland, and Germany,” n.d. https://www.gia.edu/gems-gemology/summer-2021-gemnews-natural-freshwater-pearls-from-europe-russia-scotland-germany.

⭡ Mother Of Pearl, installation view. MU Hybrid Arthouse. Photo by Bram Versteeg

⭢ Mother Of Pearl, close-up. MU Hybrid Arthouse. Photo by Bram Versteeg

 

The work is accompanied by a soundscape based on Rhine River field recordings, specifically isolating the industrial sounds that pollute these waters with intense vibrations and haunting sounds. As the mussels are forced to share their bodies with the many shipping vessels traversing their space during their lives, the spectator of the installation now becomes subjected to the echoes of their suffering. Listen to an excerpt of the soundtrack below.

Composition for Mother of Pearl. Released: 2024.

Between No Longer and Not Yet at Zone2Source

Mother of Pearl is developed for my solo exhibition Between No Longer and Not Yet. The exhibition is part of a series of solo projects in which Zone2Source invites artists to use the exhibition and the park as a living laboratory for co-creation and collective research, together with the multispecies actors of the Amstelpark. In doing so, the public becomes part of both the results as well as the artist’s artistic processes through various public programmes.

Research, Artistic production

Xandra van der Eijk

 

Sound design

Sacha van den Haak

Field recordings

Courtesy of Kees te Velde & his eco-acoustics team at Leiden University

 

Production support

Make Eindhoven

 

Generously supported by Mondriaan Fund, Schermerlicht Festival, and MU Hybrid Arthouse.

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